Iwanami Shoten currently publishes KЕЌjien in several printed and digital formats, and also sells dictionary subscription services for cell phone and Internet access.

The 5th edition (1998) includes over 230,000 headwords, and its 2996 pages contain an estimated total of 14 million characters. In 1992, Iwanami published both an e-book format 4th edition and a useful Gyakubiki KЕЌjien ( йЂ†еј•гЃЌеєѓиѕћи‹‘ 'Reverse dictionary KЕЌjien'). The CD-ROM version was published in 1993 and revised with color illustrations (like the Nihongo daijiten) in 1996. In response, the 4th edition KЕЌjien (1991) was a major revision that added some 15,000 entry words, bringing the total to over 220,000. Three major Japanese publishers released new dictionaries specifically designed to compete with the Iwanami's popular and profitable KЕЌjien: SanseidЕЌ's Daijirin ( е¤§иѕћжћ— 'Great forest of words', 1988), ShЕЌgakukan's Daijisen ( е¤§иѕћжі‰ 'Great fountainhead of words', 1995), and KЕЌdansha's Nihongo Daijiten ( ж—Ґжњ¬иЄће¤§иѕће…ё 'Great dictionary of Japanese' 1989). The 3rd edition (1983) added 12,000 entries, and was published in CD-ROM format in 1987. On December 1, 1976, a revised and expanded version ( hoteiban ( иЈњиЁ‚з‰€)) of the 2nd edition was published. The 2nd edition (1969) deleted about 20,000 old entries and added about 20,000 new ones, especially scientific terms. It included approximately 200,000 headwords, about 40,000 more than the Jien. Iwanami Shoten published the first KЕЌjien in 1955. After the war, Shinmura and his lexicographers began anew in September 1948. The editors began working on a revised edition, but the 1945 Firebombing of Tokyo destroyed their work. It contained some 160,000 headword entries of old and new Japanese vocabulary, as well as encyclopedic content, and quickly became a bestseller. Shinmura appointed his son Takeshi Shinmura (ж–°жќ‘зЊ›, Shinmura Takeshi, 1905вЂ“1992) as an editor, and in 1935, Hakubunkan (еЌљж–‡й¤Ё) published the Jien dictionary. He asked his friend Shinmura to be chief editor, and they chose the title Jien (иѕћи‹‘ 'Garden of words') in a classical allusion to the Ziyuan (е—и‹‘, 'Garden of characters') Chinese dictionary. In 1930, the publisher Shigeo Oka (еІЎиЊ‚й›„, Oka Shigeo, 1894вЂ“1989) wanted to create a Japanese dictionary for high school students. The predecessor of KЕЌjien originated during the Great Depression in East Asia. Even KЕЌjien editions published after his death credit Shinmura as the chief editor. Through his tutelage, Shinmura became involved in Japanese language lexicography. After studying in Germany, Ueda taught comparative linguistics and edited foreign-language dictionaries in the latter part of the Meiji era. He was born in Yamaguchi Prefecture and graduated from the prestigious Tokyo University, where he was a student of Kazutoshi Ueda ( дёЉз”°дё‡е№ґ, Ueda Kazutoshi, 1867вЂ“1937). KЕЌjien was the magnum opus of Shinmura Izuru, 1876вЂ“1967, a professor of linguistics and Japanese at Kyoto University. 3.1.6 Electronic edition by So-net Entertainment Corporation.

3.1.5 Electronic edition by LogoVista Corporation.

3.1.4 Electronic edition by Keisokugiken corporation.

3.1.2 By Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press.

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